Physical Motor Development Meaning and Characters of Different Stages
PHYSICAL
To get a complete picture of children's development, it is essential to know how they develop physically as well as psychologically. The reason for this is that physically development influences children's behaviour both directly and indirectly. Directly, physical development determines what children do. If for e.g. children are well development for their ages, they will be able to compare on equal terms with their peer in games and sports.if not, they will be handicapped in competition with them and may.be excluded from the peer group.
Physical development influenced attitude towards self and other.These, in turn, are reflected in the kind of adjustment children make.children who are markedly overweight. Feeling will play have with children’s developing personalities.
Physical development influenced attitude towards self and other.These, in turn, are reflected in the kind of adjustment children make.children who are markedly overweight. Feeling will play have with children’s developing personalities.
PHYSICAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Physical growth and development refers to a process with bring about bodily and physiological change - internal as well as external - in an organization from the conception till his death. Generally these change take place in the following dimension:
(¡) Gross physical Structure
It involves change in height, weight body proportion and general physical appearance.
(¡¡) Internal Organs
It involves change in the function of gland, nervous system and other body system- circulatory, respiratory, digestive, muscular, lymphatic, and reproductive.
Therefore, only those aspects of physical development that have an influence on the child's personal and social adjustments will be touched upon. Knowledge of the process of the physical growth of the child and development will enable the teacher to equip him for setting his programmes according to the needs of the children.
CHARACTERISTICS AND NEED OF CHILDREN
(A) From 5 to 8 year
CHARACTERISTICS
|
NEEDS
|
Average increase in height Of about 5 cms.
|
Adequate sleep for 10 to 12
hours.
|
Girls mature faster then boys
|
Frequent sleep 10 to 12 hours
|
Legs length rapidly
|
Active play & large space for play
|
Nose & throat difficulties
are frequent
|
Guidance in eating & health protection
|
Tend to take more food
than their stomach can hold
|
Preventive measure against
childhood disease like measles
|
Show resistance taking a
Bath
|
Proper dress according to
Weather
|
Average gain in health
|
Care of teeth etc.
|
Gradual important in
Speed,steadiness of
movement & accuracy
|
Varid play activities
|
(B) From 8 to 11 years
CHARACTERISTICS
|
NEEDS
|
Children are extremely active
|
Careful eye examination
|
Relative free from diseases
|
Correction of postures
|
Choosey about food but
eat a great deal
|
Independent in caring for physical needs
|
Girls increase steadily in
Physical skill
|
Adequate nutrition
|
Girls usually have less
Stamina than boys
|
Supervision of strenuous
Physical activities
|
(C) At Adolescent Stage
At this stage, marked changes take place in following domains :
(1) Height and weight
(2) Bodily proportions
(3) Change in more performance
(4) Increase in motor performance
(5) Sexual Changes
MOTOR
Age in month
|
Motor Activities
|
1
|
Chin high
|
2
|
raising the chest
|
3
|
gripping and releasing object
|
4
|
sitting with some assistance
|
5
|
lap-sitting and holding objects
|
6
|
Sitting on high chair
|
7
|
playing with object
|
8
|
standing with some help
|
9
|
standing while holding on to furniture
|
10
|
moving on knees
|
11
|
reising oneself while holding on to furniture
|
12
|
walking while holding someone
|
13
|
climbing stairs
|
14
|
standing without assistance
|
15
|
walking alone
|
Motor development may be defined as the development of strength,speed and accuracy in the user of muscular part of the body such as arms, eyes legs and neck muscles, motor abilities involve bodily movement of various organs and coordinate.function of nervous and muscles. Skills in motor actives depend not so much on gross body movement but from conditions of smaller muscles. It is closely related with emotional,mental, physical and social development.
Development of large muscle coordination implies developing control over the movement of large muscle of the body such as things, leg, arms etc. This development helps later in life, particular in activities like sports, dancing, gymnastics, etc.
The first category includes those motor activities which are directed through efficient management of the body towards certain types of physical achievements. The includes activities like balancing, climbing and gymnastic type of activities. The second category of activities related to trial of strength and speed like a ball or bat etc. The lead to skills like dancing later.
These means developing control over the movement of fever, muscles, particularly finger and wrist muscle and eye-hand coordination. This preparation children for tasks like creative arts and writing.
Characteristics
(A) Three Years
Manipulates play materialsAlternate feet going upstairs
Rides a tricycle
Counts to three
Feeds self with little spilling
Throws object overhead
Fashion object with clay
Stands on one foot
Jumps upwards
(B) 4-6 Years
Skips on one footLaces shoes
Ties shoe laces
Draw alphabet letters
Throw and catch balls
Climbs up, rope swings
Builds blocks shoulder height with litter touch
Cuts, pastes, models and color
Builds crude items in workshop
(C) Motor skill Gradually Increase with Age
The development level for doing or performing in take increased with age.
However, a wide variation in the motor ability of children of the same age is noticed after infancy. This variation is more pronounced if there is difference in sex of children. The average body is superior to the average girls in tests of strength, speed and in many motor skills. There different are aggravated at about the age of fourteen in the ability to perform monitor acts, while the boys continued to improve even up to 18 year. Boys are found to be superior to girls in activities that required brute force and speed. Girls surpass boys in activities requiring greater concentration, accuracy and precision and delicate coordination. In a activities like badminton, tennis-tennis,flock dance footing.
Development of Gross 4 Fine Motor Skills during 0-6 Years
The beginning of a child's motor development is with the active of creeping and crawling. Different children exhibit different pattern of these activities.
In the following points are illustrated and various physical positions that are adopted by the child in development from the crawling and creeping to the walking stage. These physical position have been illustrated as:
1. Motion of new born's crawling.
2. Less motion in hind part while it tries to raise the head.
3. Control on the movements of head and shoulders improves.
4. There is considerable de development in the upper part, while the hip remains on the floor.
5. Contraction between the motion of head, the shoulder and the hips.
6. Motions of rocking in which the hip bone is kept about the ground.
CLASSIFICATION OF MOTOR SKILLS
Gross Skill
|
Fine Skills
|
|
Tearing
|
2. Running
|
Pasting
|
3.Climbing
|
Cutting
|
4.Jumping
|
Sorting
|
5. Balancing
|
Drawing
|
6. Hopping
|
Colouring
|
7. Skipping
|
Painting
|
8. Cycling
|
Threading
|
9. Catching
|
Writing
|
10.Throwing
| |
11. Kicking
| |
12. Swimming
|
When the child is of four months, he can see but cannot contact.
When he was of five months he can palmar scoop.
When of eight months he has a cube in each hand.
When of nine month.By the time of 11 or 12 month old, babies can hold their caps temporarily.
Control of the muscles of the arms, shoulders and wrist improves rapidly during the childhood years and almost reaches the adult level of perfection by the # fingers.
After babies reach 18 month of the age motor development in the legs consisting primarily of the perfection of walking and the acquisition of related skills. Before babies 2 year old eg they can walking sideways and backwards they can stands on one foot with help and a year dates without help.
By the age of two year, a few toddlers can ride bicycles.Most however, push their bicycles around and ride on them only when held on the seat by someone.
Between 3 and 4 years, however,all young children who have had an opportunity to learn to ride bicycles can do so.
By the time children are 6 and sometime before they graduate to bicycles, because riding bicycles is a more different and more complicated motor skill involving balance as well as locomotion. It usually require six month to a year of particle before the skill is well mastered that children can ride without falls and trying to stunt.
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